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Cresta Run
The Cresta Run is a natural ice skeleton racing toboggan track in eastern Switzerland. Located in the winter sports town of St. Moritz, the run is one of the few in the world dedicated entirely to skeleton. It was built in 1884 near the hamlet of Cresta in the municipality of Celerina/Schlarigna by Major Bulpett, eventual founder of the St. Moritz Tobogganing Club (SMTC), and the people of St. Moritz. It has continued as a partnership to this day between the SMTC, founded in 1887, and the people of St. Moritz.
The sport of intramural sled racing originated around the nascent winter resort activities at the Kulm hotel in St. Moritz during the winters of the early 1870s, and today's members still congregate for lunch in the 'Sunny Bar' at the Kulm. In the early days of competitive sledding, the predominant style was luge-style racing lying on one's back, but the invention of the flexible runner sled (Flexible flyer) in 1887, known colloquially as 'the America', led to Mr. Cornish using the head-first style in the 1887 Grand National. He finished fourteenth due to some erratic rides but established a trend and by the 1890 Grand National all competitors were riding head-first.〔(About The St Moritz Tobogganing Club )〕 The head-first style for a time became known as 'Cresta' racing.
==The sport and its history==
The Cresta Run and the SMTC were founded by devotees of sledding (tobogganing in British parlance) who adopted a head-first (prone) technique of racing down an icy run, as opposed to the feet-first (supine) and somewhat faster luge race. Both evolving sports were natural extensions of the invention of steerable sleds during the early 1870s by British guests of the Kulm hotel in St. Moritz. These initial crude sleds were developed almost accidentally—as bored well-to-do gentlemen naturally took to intramural competition in the streets and byways of twisty mountainous downtown St. Moritz hazarding each other and pedestrians alike. This gave impetus to a desire to steer the sleds, and soon runners and a clumsy mechanism evolved to allow just that along the longer curving streets of the 1870s. This also allowed higher speeds on the longer runs. Local sentiments varied, but eventually complaints grew vociferous and Kulm hotel owner Caspar Badrutt built the first natural ice run for his guests, as he had worked hard to popularize wintering in the mountain resort, and did not want to lose any customers to ennui, nor his workforce to injury from errant sleds on the streets.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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